Larva general description the thirdinstar, which has a typical maggot appearance, is about 10. Low environmental impact method for controlling the peach. African journal of agricultural research effect of. Bactrocera carambolae is one of the approximately 100 sibling species of the bactrocera dorsalis complex and considered to be very closely related to b. Mating compatibility between bactrocera invadens and. Cold tolerance and disinfestation of bactrocera invadens. Due to their high morphological similarity and overlapping distribution, as well as to their economic impact and quarantine status, the development of reliable markers for species delimitation between the two taxa is of great. The peach fruit fly pff, bactrocera zonata saunders is known as a key pest of fruits in egypt.
Synonymization papahae key pest species within the bactrocera dorsalis species complex diptera. Host plants and host plant preference studies for bactrocera invadens diptera. Bactrocera latifrons hendel bactrocera zonata saunders the genus bactrocera is a very large one over 500 species and it is divided into groups of species called subgenera. Many species of bactrocera have not been wellstudied. Field infestation, life history and demographic parameters. Species composition and host range of fruitinfesting.
Bactrocera bactrocera invadens is the name given to tephritid fruit flies that were introduced to east africa from sri lanka and subsequently invaded practically the whole of subsaharan africa, hence the species name invadens. Biology 109 fundamentals of biology rancho santiago community. Tephritidae has spread rapidly across africa and currently poses a phytosanitary threat to the fruit industry of south africa. Bactrocera invadens, an invasive fruit fly species in the afrotropical region belonging to the bactrocera dorsalis complex, causes considerable damage to fruit production and productivity. Free biology 2e textbook available for download openstax. Bridging the morphological and biological species concepts. An intensive population census of bactrocera latifrons hendel identified 15 species of suitable host plants 11 solanaceous, 4 cucurbitaceous, 6 of them new host records. This study investigated the presence, seasonal population abundance, and thermal biology of b. Bactrocera invadens was added to the eppo a2 list in 2010.
The information in this survey card also covers the information available for these formerly recognised species. A fuller datasheet may be prepared, however several studies published after its addition to the eppo a2 list have. Bactrocera invadens is the preferred 80% loss interafrican phytosanitary council of the au. Niche overlap of congeneric invaders supports a single. Thermal biology and seasonal population abundance of. The following 96 pages are in this category, out of 96 total. Thirteen species of bactrocera and one species of dacus were collected during field surveys in bangladesh, including eight new country records, for a total of fifteen species confirmed to occur in the country. Tephritidae from egg to adult was studied to understand the geographical pattern of occurrence of these fruit flyn1. Two correlative approaches to the challenge of ecological niche modeling genetic algorithm, maximum entropy were used to estimate the potential global distribution of the invasive fruit fly, bactrocera invadens, based on associations between known occurrence records and a set of environmental predictor variables. This diagnostic protocol was adopted by the standards committee on behalf of the commission on phytosanitary measures in february 2019. The larvae then drop from the fruit to pupate in the soil. Since the first detection of bactrocera dorsalis in botswana in 2010, the establishment, spread, and response to prevailing botswana microclimates under rapidly changing environments remain unknown. It is extremely morphologically and genetically similar to the oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis hendel.
Susceptibility of four mango varieties to the africa. Bactrocera invadens is an invasive fruit fly species of asian origin that was first detected in kenya in 2003 and now has been reported in many parts of the african continent. Preliminary surveyhof fruit flies of bangladesh 51 a preliminary survey of the fruit flies diptera. This book could also serve as a basic science text for a science class that. Concepts of biology is designed for the introductory biology course for nonmajors taught at most two and fouryear colleges. At most of the locations and especially at low elevations, b. Note that bactrocera invadens was not formally placed into the bactrocera dorsalis complex by drew et al. Free concepts of biology book available for download openstax. In 2003, a new fruit fly pest species was recorded for the first time in kenya and has subsequently been found in 28 countries across tropical africa. This list may not reflect recent changes learn more. An evaluation of the species status of bactrocera invadens and the systematics of the bactrocera dorsalis diptera. Biology 2e is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements.
In this study, the morphometry and dna barcoding of different populations of b. Epicuticular chemistry reinforces the new taxonomic. We studied host acceptance and clutch size decision as a function of fly egg load as physiological state and mango variety and ripeness stage as the environmental parameter in two major mango pests in sub. International plant protection convention dp 291 ispm 27 diagnostic protocols for regulated pests dp 29. Oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis hendel insecta. Fruit flies of economic significance in india,with special reference to bactrocera dorsalis hendel abraham verghese, h. From records in africa, 11 plant species were reported to be new hosts to the african invader fly, bactrocera invadens drew, tsuruta and white, 2005. Ispm 27 diagnostic protocols for regulated pests dp 29. Manuscript ii tibebe dejene biasazin, miriam frida karlsson, ylva hillbur, emiru seyoum, teun dekker 2014.
The effect of temperature on the development and survival of the peach fruit fly pff, bactrocera zonata saunders diptera. Identification, current status and economic importance of. An introduction to the fundamentals of biology including concepts of cellular. Study biology online for free by downloading openstaxs college biology 2e book and using our accompanying online resources including a biology study guide. Bactrocera philippinensis was designated a synonym of b. Comparative demography of bactrocera dorsalis hendel and. The complete mitochondrial genome of bactrocera carambolae.
Mated females deposit eggs within the flesh of the fruit on a host plant. Department of nuclear agriculture and radiation processing. Bactrocera dorsalis in largescale and smallscale orchards in ethiopia. Also included in this study, were other bactrocera species belonging to the b. The biology of these fruit flies is dependent on host plants that can serve as mating locations, oviposition sites for eggs, and nutrient resources for developing larvae. Aftab hossain 2, shakil ahmed khan, michael san jose1, and daniel rubinoff1 1university of hawaii at manoa, department of plant and environmental protection sciences 3050 maile way, gilmore 310. Identification of host blends that attract the african invasive fruit fly, bactrocera invadens. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis within bactrocera was performed focusing on the placing of the b. Traps containing methyl eugenol were used in monitoring the abundance of the africa. Tephritidae common name african invader fruit fly taxonomic position. The white, elongate, and elliptical egg measures about 1.
Susceptibility of four mango varieties to the africa invader fly, bactrocera invadens drew, tsuruta and white diptera. The south east asian sample is represented by sri lanka the presumed aboriginal home of b. The following is a generalized life history for bactrocera fruit flies. This book is the perfect amount of content for an introductory, nonmajors biology. Ecological niche and potential geographic distribution of the invasive fruit fly bactrocera invadens diptera, tephritidae article pdf available in bulletin of entomological research 1001. The seasonal abundance of african invader fly, bactrocera invadens and the influence of temperature and rainfall on fly catches was determined in two agro ecological zones. Bactrocera dorsalis hendel and ceratitis capitata wiedemann are highly polyphagous fruit fly species and important pests of commercial fruit in regions of the world where they are present. Study biology online free by downloading openstaxs concepts of biology book and using our accompanying online resources including a biology study guide.
Larvae hatch in a few days and burrow into interior of the fruit to feed on the pulp for 4 12 days. Fruit flies of economic significance in india,with special. Biology, university of ghana, under the supervision of dr. Abundance of african invader fly, bactrocera invadens drew. Journal of biology, agriculture and healthcare iiste. The chemical ecology of the oriental fruit fly bactrocera. We examine overlap and similarity in the geographical expression of each species realised niche through reciprocal distribution models between africa.
Optionally, the subgeneric names may be cited in parentheses after the generic name, as follows. Concordance in morphometry and dna barcoding fathiya m. This species complex forms a group within the subgenus bactrocera and the name may therefore be cited as bactrocera bactrocera dorsalis. Ecological niche and potential geographic distribution of. Pdf a preliminary survey of the fruit flies diptera. An online biology book estrella mountain community.
Tephritidae in kenya, a new invasive fruit fly species in africa. The study was carried out at two experimental farms in ismailia governorate, egypt, during season of 2015 and 2016. In reaction a cold mitigating treatment to provide phytosanitary security to importing countries was developed in nairobi, kenya. Tephritidae control in ghana a thesis presented to the. Fruit samples from 80 potential host plants wild and cultivated were collected and incubated for fly emergence. Identification, current status and economic importance of bactrocera invadens. Bactrocera dorsalis has only recently been aligned with the former species b. Stonehouse indian institute of horticultural research, hessaraghatta lake p. Methyl eugenol can also be used for the quarantine monitoring of highly invasive species, such as bactrocera invadens by employing traps one per km or 100 ha and mapping the traps along with periodical collection of data anonymous, 2012. The insect was described as bactrocera invadens, due to its rapid invasion of the african continent. Field infestation rates of the invasive fruit fly, bactrocera invadens on citrus spp.
White, is a major pest of mangoes mangifera indica l. Taxonomic identity of the invasive fruit fly pest, bactrocera invadens. Social impact top of page human health and tourism would be affected if plantations treated with insecticides are. Pdf the potential distribution of bactrocera dorsalis. Saharan africa, bactrocera invadens and ceratitis cosyra, under laboratory conditions. Pdf host plants and host plant preference studies for. Human biology open textbook library center for open education. Tephritidae introduction synonymy distribution description life history hosts and damage quarantine and management selected references introduction back to top the oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis hendel, is a very destructive pest of fruit in areas where. The level of infestation varied with location ranging from 3 to 36%. Bactrocera dorsalis is a member of the oriental fruit fly b. The attractiveness of volatiles from four different fruit species.