It has emerged and grown in the socioeconomic and political conditions of nepal, and in a decade has become a major political force with the capacity to challenge the state and the countrys socioeconomic fabric. The naxalitemaoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between maoist groups known as naxalites or naxals, and the indian government supported by rightwing paramilitaries. Liberal parties win nepals election as maoist vote crumbles. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of violence. Jul 12, 2012 the maoist insurgency in nepal by mahendra lawoti, 9780415809948, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. The decadelong insurgency was characterized by two distinct dynamics. Fears of violence as nepal cracks down on maoist splinter. The nepalese civil war also known as the maoist conflict nepali. Their aims, structure and strategy the communist party of nepal maoist has spread armed conflict across the country and reshaped its political environment irrevocably. Does poverty or inequality explain the maoist insurgency in nepal. Within this short span of time, the insurgency, according to the maoists, has reached to the stage of strategic offensive. Ideological and strategic dimensions maoist insurgency in nepal emerged in february 16th 1996 as a protest against issues such as autocratic nature of the monarch, oppressed nationalism, social disparities and political economy of the state of nepal.
Pdf the strategic revolutionary phases of the maoist. Nepal, with a population of approximately 29 million, is a federal democratic republic. It contextualizes and explains why and how a violent maoist insurgency grew in nepal after the end of the cold war, in contrast to the decline of other radical communist movements in most parts of the world. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of. Most analyses are based on secondary sources, which are either derogated or exaggerated.
Female combatant participation in nepal s maoist peoples war. Response from india indias response to the maoist insurgency in nepal is of great interest for both of nepal and india. Maoist guerrilla insurgency or peoples war that was launched in february of 1996 by the communist party of nepal maoist cpn maoist. The maoists, following mao zedongs theory of peoples war, achieved a military stalemate against the nepalese army and negotiated a political. Maoist insurgency latest breaking news, pictures, videos, and special reports from the economic times. Outside china, however, a number of groups have identified themselves as maoists. Pdf mens participation in the maoist insurgency in nepal.
Maoist insurgency in nepal from himal magazine, nepal news archives, and dr. Since 1996, nepal has increasingly been drawn into a violent conflict between maoist rebels and. Patriarchy, educational, and gender inequality in nepal. Dec 01, 20 liberal parties win nepals election as maoist vote crumbles. Explaining maoist control and level of civil conflict in nepal. February 1996, the cpn maoist launched an armed insurgency against the government. My own early contribution to this discussion, which remains in print, is maoist insurgency since vietnam london. The dependent variable is the total number of people killed during that period by maoist. Nepal faced a ten year long maoist insurgency problem when the communist party of nepal, cpn maoist declared war in 1996 by rejecting the fundamental premises of nepal s constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system established in 1990 and ended with a. The nepali people are caught in the middle of an increasingly brutal civil war. This article traces the path of the communist party of nepal maoist ascent to power from the start of nepal s 19962006 civil war to its end. Maoist insurgency and peace process in nepal term paper.
Peoples front, and other descendants of mohan bikram. In contrast to existing quantitative studies of the civil conflict in nepal, we argue that combinations of motive and opportunity were crucial for the development of the maoist insurgency and that these conditions stem largely from the nature of the nepali state. The ultraleft includes the communist party of nepal maoist, the united. Nepal can learn for giving due consideration to indias positive contribution and assistance for solving the maoist insurgency in nepal. Challenges for building peace and democracy nepal, still a nascent democracy, has suffered a number of severe knocks over the past years since a national constitution was established in 1990. That is understandable in a country which has seen the communist groupings split, merge and split again so many times that only an acute observer will be able to navigate this history with ease. The purpose of this monograph is to show that us counterinsurgency doctrine would benefit from greater emphasis on social, cultural, and political aspects of the operating environment, using the case of the maoist insurgency in nepal as an example. Maoist synonyms, maoist pronunciation, maoist translation, english dictionary definition of maoist. Kathmandu, nepal a nationwide crackdown by the government of nepal on a maoist splinter group has raised fears of violence more than 10 years after the end of an armed communist rebellion. In february 1996, the cpn maoist and its political wing, the samyukta jana morcha, united peoples front, launched an armed insurgency, declaring a peoples war in midwestern nepal to overthrow the government and establish a republican communist state. Armed struggles in nepal maoist insurgency in nepal. Revolution in the twentyfirst century routledge contemporary south asia series.
It has emerged and grown in the socioeconomic and political. The maoist insurgency in nepal routledge contemporary south asia lawoti, mahendra, pahari, anup kumar on. Historical armed struggles in nepal maoist insurgency in nepal that began in 2052 bs and formally ended up in agreement after the 12 points agreement. Abstract this paper examines the root causes of maoist insurgency in nepal. New issues are analysed in conjunction with the insurgency, such as the role of the maoist student organization, maoist s cultural troupes, the organization and strategies of the peoples army and the royal nepal army, indoctrination and recruitment of rebels, and international factors. Article information, pdf download for maoist insurgency in nepal open epub for. The maoist insurgency in nepal and us counterinsurgency. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of violence avidit acharyay october 2009 abstract this paper studies the incidence of political violence associated with the maoist insurgency in nepal. The first stage in the maoist model of insurgency is the organizationterrorism phase which concentrates on political organization and cooptation through increasing popular support by focusing on. For nepal, india is the closest neighbor and the largest supplier of arms and ammunitions to the nepali security forces.
Request pdf on oct 1, 2008, manish thapa and others published maoist insurgency in nepal. In the very birthplace of buddha, peace has proven to be elusive. The insurgency started after the 2004 formation of the cpi maoists a rebel group consisting of the pwg peoples war group and the mcc maoist communist centre. However, if one turns to the pages of the history of modern nepal, one will observe that these forms of inequality or grievances have been omnipresent, albeit with varying degrees of intensity. Pdf the maoist insurgency in nepal and the political. The naxalite maoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between maoist groups known as naxalites or naxals, and the indian government supported by rightwing paramilitaries.
The hypothesis of inequality as the source of violent conflict is investigated empirically in the context of killings by nepalese maoists in their peoples war against their government during 19962003. Lawoti and others published the maoist insurgency in nepal. Nepal in terms of resolving the maoist problem and moving the political process forward. The nepali state and the dynamics of maoist insurgency. The maoist insurgency in nepal routledge contemporary south.
The political system is based on the interim constitution of nepal 2063 2007, with a. Indeed, evidence has indicated that greater inequity amongst rural villages in the midhills led to an escalation of violence during the maoist insurgency nepal et al. For the general public in nepal, the maoists were quite an unknown entity until they burst into the scene in 1996. By using a repertoire of subsistence coping mechanisms available to households in the context of the local political economy as an indicator of grievances and mechanisms of interactions between local households and the state and insurgents. These incidents have shaken the whole country and has established the fact that maoist insurgency is a living reality and that the communist party of nepal maoist. There has been a lot of scholarly debates and analysis to find out the root cause of evolution of maoist insurgency in nepal. This page presents an assessment of the maoist insurgency in nepal and the course it had taken during the immediate past, and the efforts of the government to resolve the insurgency problem, including counter insurgency strategy as peace initiative. I take a crosssectional approach where the unit of analysis is the district, and dependent variable is total killings by state and maoists. The maoist peoples war has become a direct threat and a deathknell to the government of nepal. Notable among these are rebels in nepal, who won control of the government there in 2006 after a 10year insurgency, and the naxalite groups in india, who engaged in guerrilla warfare for decades in. Maoist insurgency blogs, comments and archive news on.
The maoist conflict in india which began in the late 1960s is one such conflict. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy. On february 2005, the communist party of nepal maoist is going to celebrate the ninth anniversary of the people war. This paper studies the incidence of political violence associated with the maoist insurgency in nepal. I find no evidence that political and economic grievances are linked to the incidence of political violence. The insurgency was led by the communist party of nepal maoist nepali. Marks is professor of insurgency, terrorism, and counterterrorism at the school for national security executive education of the national defense university in washington, dc and author of maoist insurgency since vietnam, london, 1996. Gp capt srinivas ganapathiraju, iaf the maoist movement in india started in the late 1950s as a peasant uprising in the wake of an independence struggle in naxalbari, a small village on the indo nepal border, hence the name naxalism. Pdf the strategic revolutionary phases of the maoist insurgency. Recent political violence in nepal see figure 1 1 by the radical chand aka biplav faction should not have come as a surprise. A decade on, legacy of maoist insurgency stalks nepal. Discusses the emergence, evolution of maoist naxal insurgency in india and explores the prospect of peace. Spatialhorizontal inequality and the maoist insurgency in.
Pdf this article traces the path of the communist party of nepalmaoist ascent to power from the start of nepals 19962006 civil war to its end. Published in 2010, it provides analysis with the benefits of greater temporal distance and social scientific methodology than the timely and pathbreaking volumes that were published in the heat of conflict e. Context, cost and consequences find, read and cite all the. The maoist insurgency in nepal article pdf available january 2007 with reads how we measure reads. Read this essay on maoist insurgency and peace process in nepal. Secondly, the maoists of nepal used indian soil as a safe heaven. The philosophical difference between maoism and marxismleninism is that the peasantry are the. The highway passes through kavre, dolakha and sidhupalchok districts that are classified by nepal government authorities as hotbed of maoist insurgency. Centralizing politics and the growth of the maoist. Many writers have analysed and measured the anatomy of the maoist insurgency in nepal. Revolution in the twentyfirst century routledge contemporary south asia series lawoti, mahendra, pahari, anup kumar on.
In the context of maoist insurgency in nepal, the arniko highway provides militarily strategic route for both the nepali government forces as well as the guerrillas. Considering this fact, friends for peace ffp has decided to reassess nepals relation with india in relation to its perspective, attitude and dealing with the rebels, the impact of nepals leftwing. In almost all battles between the police and the maoist guerrillas, the insurgents have proved their military superiority. Maoist training before being set free, or had to remain in the. Revolution in the twentyfirst century routledge contemporary south asia series pdf, epub ebook d0wnl0ad the book deals with the dynamics and growth of a violent 21st century communist rebellion initiated in nepal by the communist party of nepal maoist cpnm. Come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays. In approximately 12 years, from 1996 to 2008, the communist party of nepal maoist, or cpnm, waged an insurgency against the nepalese government and gained majority rule through free elections.
Get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more. The nepali state and the dynamics of the maoist insurgency. Prolonged domestic political conflicts change over time. Women in the maoist insurgency in nepal, in rita manchanda ed. Introduction on february 2005, the communist party of nepal maoist is going to celebrate the ninth anniversary of the people war. I take a crosssectional approach where the unit of analysis is the district, and dependent variable is total killings by state and maoists normalized by district population. Women were a significant group who were involved in the maoist movement during the nepalese civil war, which refers to a violent insurgency that took place from 1996 to 2006. There does not seem to be any constructive dialogue between nepal and india to address the whole gamut of indo nepal relations and the conflict in nepal has stalled efforts to work together for economic development. The maoist insurgency in nepal and us coin doctrine full pdf article. Strategic revolutionary phases of the maoist insurgency in nepal. Th e journal of the association centralizing politics and the growth of the maoist insurgenc y in nepal mahendra lawoti 0 recommended citation 0 western michigan university, kalamazoo, usa ce ntra li zin g po li tics an d the growth of the maoi st insurgency in nepal 1 this article argues that the over centralization of politics in nepal contributed in the initiation and the growth of the. It probes the tension between a near critical mass of women in the maoist movement and a. Livelihood coping mechanisms, local intelligence, and the.
The maoist insurgency began in 1996 as a result of a political party being excluded from the political process and taking up arms. The strategic revolutionary phases of the maoist insurgency in nepal. In the pattern of several other movements inspired by the success of maos 1948 takeover of the chinese. In approximately 12 years, from 1996 to 2008, the communist party of nepal maoist waged an insurgency against the nepalese government and gained majority rule through free elections. The maoist movement in nepal and its tactical digressions.
With the maoist insurgency in nepal currently bound in the more pacific realm of electoral politics. The party has led three governments, from 2008 to 2009 and from 2016 to 2017 under. It contextualizes and explains why and how a violent maoist insurgency grew in nepal. Explaining maoist control and level of civil conflict in nepal by magnus hatlebakk cmi, bergen, norway magnus. Reexamining the lifecycle of nepals civil war in this context allows us to better. The book deals with the dynamics and growth of a violent 21st century communist rebellion initiated in nepal by the communist party of nepal maoist cpnm. These causal explanations shed little light on neither why the insurgency began in 1996. The maoist insurgency in nepal and us counterinsurgency doctrine. Mens participation in the maoist insurgency in nepal. Party of nepal maoist cpnm gained power by way of free elections after a. The maoist insurgency in nepal and us counterinsurgency doctrineby major timothy r. While fighting insurgency, both state and nonstate groups depend on the local population for valuable resources such as food, intelligence, and security.
Kreuttner, small wars journalthe maoist insurgency in nepal and us coin doctrine full pdf articlesince the beginning of operation enduring freedom oef and operation iraqi freedom oif, the us army has wrestled with how to apply sociocultural factors in counterinsurgency. The form of marxismleninism developed in china chiefly by mao zedong. Maoist definition of maoist by the free dictionary. The maoist insurgency in nepal is a new development in the politics of south asian insurgencies.